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A History of the Crusades Vol. I: The First Crusade and the Foundations of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Volume 1), by Steven Runciman
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Sir Steven Runciman's three volume A History of the Crusades, one of the great classics of English historical writing, is being reissued. This volume deals completely with the First Crusade and the foundation of the kingdom of Jerusalem. As Runciman says in his preface: 'Whether we regard the Crusades as the most tremendous and most romantic of Christian adventures, or as the last of the barbarian invasions, they form a central fact in medieval history. Before their inception the centre of our civilization was placed in Byzantium and in the lands of the Arab caliphate. Before they faded out the hegemony in civilization had passed to western Europe. Out of this transference modern history was born.'
- Sales Rank: #787379 in Books
- Published on: 1987-12-25
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .82" h x 5.49" w x 8.47" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 394 pages
Review
'I do not know when, in recent years, I have read a book which so enlarged my knowledge of and interest in a period of history ... It sets before us one of the formidable moral and romantic epics of our time, with scholarship and imagination worthy of it.' The Times Literary Supplement
'The three volumes ring with battle trumpets and drums, glitter with the splendor of noble parades, and are replete with true stories of bravery and cowardliness, rash daring and wily intrigue ... To the specialist (Runicman) offers a wealth of new interpretations ... To the layman, he tenders romance and suspense at nearly every page.' The Yale Review
' ... the best scholarly survey of the subject by a single author. It will always remain the first considerable work of its kind in the English language.' The English Historical Review
'One of the grand historical monuments of the twentieth century ... Written with imagination and based on immense scholarship, (the volumes) are filled with true stories of rash daring and wily intrigue as the flower of Western knighthood assaults the infidel East for God, gold and glory.' Washington Post Book World
Most helpful customer reviews
14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
History at its finest
By T. Graczewski
Steven Runciman's three-volume history of the Crusades (originally published in the early 1950s) is widely recognized as one of the greatest works of history written in the English language in the twentieth century. As such, it is indispensable reading for any serious student of the crusading period or the Middle Ages in general, as well as those with a broad interest in military history or the Middle East.
The remarkable thing about Runciman's work is that it is just as satisfying to the lay reader as it is to the scholar. Casual readers could be frightened by the prospect of reading a three volume history and instead turn to one of the "introductions" available on the subject by Jonathan Riley-Smith, Hans Eberhard Meyer or Thomas Madden. Believe me, you'll find reading Runciman much easier and more enjoyable than those books, which may be more concise but are also excruciatingly dull.
In the introduction to Volume I Runciman clearly lays out his intentions: "I believe that the supreme duty of the historian is to write history, that is to say, to attempt to record in one sweeping sequence the great events and movements that have swayed the destinies of man." Runciman is true to his goal. Modern scholars may disagree with some of his assertions, but no one can argue that he fell short in writing a captivating history of a crucial epoch in world civilization.
A couple of points on Runciman's style and conclusions bear mentioning. First, he places strong emphasis on the importance of individuals and their ability to sway the course of great events. (This is also a main reason why his work is so much more interesting than other books on the subject.) In his narrative of the First Crusade no figures loom larger than the papal legate Adhemar, Bishop of Le Puy, and the crusading prince from Italian Normandy, Bohemond.
Runciman suggests that Adhemar was the Crusade's indispensable man. The only individual with the talent, will and integrity to manage the polyglot crusading armies to fulfill the desires of Pope Urban II: cooperation with Byzantium and its emperor Alexius Comnenus and adherence to the fundamentally spiritual and penitential mission of retaking Jerusalem from the Moslems. His death from typhoid after the siege of Antioch in 1098 is described as a critical turning point in the history of the Crusades as it deprived the movement of the one individual with the authority to unite and control the warrior princes that swept into the Levant on their ostensibly holy mission. To make matters worse, Adhemar's replacement as papal legate - Daimbert of Pisa - proved to be just as ambitious, self-interested and manipulative as the competing princes, a fact that did much to promote the infighting and land-grabbing that led to the competing Christian states in Outremer.
Bohemond - arguably the greatest crusading general ever, not just of the First Crusades but the entire crusading period out to the thirteenth century - is portrayed by Runciman as something of an antagonist to Adhemar and the whole noble cause of the crusade as preached by Urban at the Council of Clermont and beyond. He is written as the embodiment of the rapacious westerner seeking a rich principality in the East under the cloak of Christian piety.
Second, from the perspective of military history, Runciman argues that the issues of logistics and sea control were critical to the success of the whole campaign. Time and again the crusading armies were nearly destroyed not by marauding bands of Turks or Arabs (although they did pose a threat) but rather by a lack of water and food or from sheer exhaustion during the 1,300 km march across Anatolia to the Holy Lands. On several occasions the crusaders were saved by the timely arrival of a Genoese or Venetian fleet bearing desperately needed supplies - including basic items such as nails and hammers to build the siege engines so critical in taking Jerusalem - and the challenge of capturing and maintaining control of a safe harbor on the Levantine coast as an entrepot for the Christian vessels. (For more on the military aspects of the First Crusade, John France's "Victory in the East" is fantastic.)
In closing, if you're looking to read only one book on the Crusades, Runicman's magisterial history should be your choice. Don't let the size of the work intimidate you. It is history at its finest and the extra time (and money) it will take to read his three volumes will be well worth it.
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
but gives some good characterization of the actors while still presenting historical details
By Amazon Customer
A bit dated, but gives some good characterization of the actors while still presenting historical details.
8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Very Excellent Point of Departure of a Misunderstood Time
By Robert E. Murena Jr.
Runciman's "A History of the Crusades" might very well seem daunting at first glance. Three volumes devoted to a well known but little understood series of events spanning several hundred years may seem like it will take a lot of note taking just to get through. Rest Assured this is certainly not the case. Keeping the narrative lively and and maintaing a fast pace these books read very quickly. Keeping in Mind that the period covered in these volumes stretches over about 500 years three volumes of medium size still is just a scratch on the surface of the Crusades. Following the copious footnotes the reader will easily understand that there is plenty of more material that could be explored if desired.
All that being said this set provides a very succinct account of the Crusades and also answers the question of "what caused the Crusades. Runciman's answers to this question are Sundry but they are all worth exploring. Using the first 100 pages or so the author explores the Muslims and The Byzantines in their geographical and theological conflicts. The author does a good job to paint the Muslims not as "bad guys" but in fact very humane in some instances. But the situation ultimately sees the Muslim empires reaching their zenith by the middle of the 10th century and Byzantium though still temporally strong, is the weaker player in the East. In the west by this time Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula has caused great concern and it isnt long before French Knights are pouring over the pyrnees to fight back. Here, Europeans get their first taste of "holy war". As fervent as the fighters are over religious matters far more realistic matters like the need for new lands for the nobility as generations of nobles have carved ancestral estates. Primogeniture is coming into play and overall the desire for more land may be equal to the true desire to ransom captive holy cities. When Urban II calls for crusade in Le Puy he is astounded at the enthusiasm of his audience. Not long thereafter (1097) Peter the Hermit humbly leads the first "crusade" which is ultimately a failure.
The history goes on and on but never loses its intensity with the taking of Antioch as the high point of the work. It is an amazing desctiption of the tension between the franks and normans that is frought with near defeats. This is the first of a fantastic set of books that I recomend to all interested individuals but is probably best suited to post high-schoolers. I further recommend background on Muslim history, Byzantium and Western Middle Ages history as it is also valuable to getting the most out of this book. If interested in any particular portion of the history the author gives great acedemic footnotes that can lead the reader further in their quest for understanding.
- Ted Murena
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