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The Empire Project: The Rise and Fall of the British World-System, 1830-1970, by John Darwin
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The British Empire, wrote Adam Smith, 'has hitherto been not an empire, but the project of an empire' and John Darwin offers a magisterial global history of the rise and fall of that great imperial project. The British Empire, he argues, was much more than a group of colonies ruled over by a scattering of British expatriates until eventual independence. It was, above all, a global phenomenon. Its power derived rather less from the assertion of imperial authority than from the fusing together of three different kinds of empire: the settler empire of the 'white dominions'; the commercial empire of the City of London; and 'Greater India' which contributed markets, manpower and military muscle. This unprecedented history charts how this intricate imperial web was first strengthened, then weakened and finally severed on the rollercoaster of global economic, political and geostrategic upheaval on which it rode from beginning to end.
- Sales Rank: #387768 in Books
- Brand: Brand: Cambridge University Press
- Published on: 2011-08-15
- Released on: 2011-07-07
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.98" h x 1.42" w x 5.98" l, 2.85 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 811 pages
- Used Book in Good Condition
Review
"The Empire Project is a brilliant and highly readable account of one of the great themes in modern history. It will attract the general reader as well as fellow historians because of the sweep of the narrative from the early part of the nineteenth century to the end of Empire in the 1970s. It possesses compelling insight into the links between India, the 'white dominions' and the colonial dependencies throughout the world. This is a life's work and a landmark in the subject."
Wm. Roger Louis, author of Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization
"John Darwin's book is a tour de force. Never before have the dynamics of the British Empire been analysed with such deep knowledge and penetrating insight."
Piers Brendon, author of The Decline and Fall of the British Empire
"Historians are more than ever inclined to fight shy of overarching histories of Britain's empire. Nothing daunted, and with style, splendid assurance, and encyclopaedic knowledge, John Darwin unravels the dynamic connections and external pressures that forged a British world system and then influenced its dissolution. His account will command attention for years to come."
Andrew Porter, author of European Imperialism, 1860-1914
"With its clear narrative, detailed analysis and penetrating insight, Andrew Porter is right that it 'will command attention for years to come'. This is certainly the book to read if you are teaching British colonisation."
Richard Brown, Historical Association
"... there is no doubting the high quality of Darwin's book. It is based on profound scholarship, is engaging and inquiring, and shows a mastery of both the detail and the bigger picture ... It is not merely in the grand overview and in the skilful synthesising of so much material that Darwin impresses. The book is also a masterly work of exposition and analysis. On almost every page one is aware of the sheer weight of scholarship that is able not merely to present information clearly and with ease, but also to draw together a host of facts, interpretations, even speculation, and continually make sense of it all."
Times Literary Supplement
"... this is the best general history of British imperialism to date; a tremendous achievement."
Bernard Porte, British scholar
"Highly recommended."
Choice
"... a rousing success."
Victorian Studies
"... combines bold generalizations with stunning mastery of intricate political and economic detail."
Mark Hampton, Canadian Journal of History/Annales canadiennes d' histoire
"... a brilliant book and is essential reading for professional historians ..."
American Historical Review
"John Darwin's The Empire Project is a tour de force, a major work of revisionist synthesis and interpretation, rich in data and insight, to which this short review cannot do justice ... It is a 'must-read' for all serious students of the British Empire."
Soldiers of the Queen: The Journal of the Victorian Military Society
"... this is a book that is full of fascinating 'internal history' of the British Empire. It is certainly more than worth its price for the information it contains on the internal empire."
Denis O'Hearn, International Journal of Comparative Sociology
"The great contribution of Darwin's book is that it hammers a final nail into the coffin of an imperial history that saw the British empire as crafted solely from London."
History Workshop Journal
"... [this] book is a welcome addition to the ever-growing studies [on] British imperial history ... well-researched and convincingly argued ... [and] gracefully written in a fluent style. Darwin provides readers with a comprehensive and in-depth insight into the rise and decline of the British world system ... very informative and engaging ..."
Chia-Lin Huang, European History Quarterly
About the Author
John Darwin teaches Imperial and Global History at Oxford where he is a Fellow of Nuffield College. His previous publications include After Tamerlane: The Global History of Empire since 1400 (winner of the Wolfson History Prize for 2007), The End of the British Empire: The Historical Debate (1991) and Britain and Decolonization: The Retreat from Empire in the Post-War World (1988).
Most helpful customer reviews
49 of 50 people found the following review helpful.
In Depth Analysis, not a narrative
By Bernard Kwan
There has been a plethora of books regarding the British Empire in the last decade or so, some of them easily accessible to the general reader such as Niall Ferguson's Empire. There has been a number of reasons for this, much of which involves researchers looking back to history to draw parallels the Globalization of present day. (Examples include the decline of the American Superpower, the rise of a multi-polar world, global free trade and trade flows and the impact of technology (the telegraph, railways, etc.) on world trade and political development, British adventurism in the Middle East and Afghanistan).
But in terms of scholarship, much of the exciting new work has been thanks in great part to impetus provided the multi volume work - The Oxford History of the British Empire which drew a lot of academic interest into what was once seen as a stale subject or a dead horse that had been flogged one too many times.
Having read a number of books on the subject I must admit I wasn't sure what this brick of a book would add to the subject, and thus I was pleasantly surprised and hooked after reading the introduction. This book doesn't treat the British Empire as a monolithic entity nor does it delve into great depth into the personalities that created the Empire. Instead it analyses the Empire as a balance between its constituent parts which included the British Isles (which was a font of investment capital and emmigration to the other parts), India (which provided an army, revenues and security to the East) and the Dominions (which provided manpower and capital under an idea of a shared culture and identity) and a bunch of less important holdings. How unimportant the scramble for Africa was, was particularly revelatory.
It provides analysis as to how these various entities interacted and provided the stability for the Empire project to survive and continue through different crises until it ultimately came apart after the independence of India after the Second World War. It then concluded that without India and the Dominions drifting away into the US sphere of influence, there was no way to sustain the Empire project with just Britain and the other lesser holdings alone.
There is much here for someone who is looking for parallels with our present situation with analyses of global investment flows, the impact of technological change and the global political backdrop and interactions between major powers. However, although it states that it is a general history, it does presuppose a fair amount of familiarity with the material and might not be appropriate as a first text. but still an extremely important work - I am surprised that it has not been publicized more.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A leading book by a leading scholar
By Silvester Percival
The Empire Project is a wide-ranging study of the British Empire that surveys the period from 1830 to 1970. Darwin is widely regarded as one of the leading historians of the British Empire, and this book has been called his life's work and magnum opus. Describing the British empire as a ‘system’, rather than an ‘empire’ in the traditional sense, allows Darwin to analyze under a single framework both formal and informal empire as well as the full range of Britain’s constitutional, diplomatic, political, commercial, and cultural relationships. The starting date itself is highly significant and underscores Darwin’s conception of a ‘world-system’. It is true that by beginning the book in 1830 he omits the early phases of British imperialism. But the preceding period ‘was less the classical era of British world power than its turbulent pre-history’, Darwin writes, ‘when prevailing conditions remained very uncertain’. Only in the 1830s and 1840s did favorable conditions converge ‘for the growth of the loose decentralized construct that sustained British world power into the 1940s’ (p.18). The system that emerged was characterized by the interdependence of its parts, based on four pillars that upheld British power. British naval and military preeminence held together the strategic points and ensured British access to trade and resources; British commercial strength connected overseas territories to a global trading system centered on Britain; demographic growth provided migrants to Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa and thereby strengthened Britain’s connection to its settler colonies; and a global network of communication, centered on Britain, facilitated the spread of news, information, and personnel, and allowed Britain to promote the unity of the system. Because this system was diverse and the power exercised over it was diffuse, Darwin focuses on what he calls ‘imperial politics’ – the ‘almost continual debate over the terms of association by which the various member states (including Britain itself) were bound to the British system’ (p.8).
At the heart of Darwin’s study lies a reconsideration of the global context within which the British imperial system existed in the period between 1830 and 1970. Darwin argues that the British empire, as a global world-system, first expanded and later declined and fell according to the opportunities and challenges presented by geopolitical events occurring around the world, many outside the empire and beyond British control. Geopolitical change determined the fate of the British world-system in part, he argues, because the empire lacked a master plan and developed instead as a haphazard collection of disparate elements, presided over by London but guided largely by the schemes devised by private enthusiasts (like Cecil Rhodes) and by ‘men on the spot’ whose ambitions for expansion sometimes complemented and sometimes flouted the policy of the British government. ‘British expansion’, he argues, ‘was driven not by official designs but by the chaotic pluralism of British interests at home and of their agents and allies abroad’ (3). The success of the British world-system, since it depended upon bringing together its disparate parts, thus required specific conditions – a balance in Europe, a ‘passive’ East Asia, stability in the colonies, a globally competitive British economy, and an unaggressive United States – the absence of which would cause the imperial system to break down. ‘The key to British power’, Darwin argues, ‘lay in combining the strength of its overseas components with that of the imperial centre, and managing them – not commanding them – through the various linkages of ‘imperial politics’: some persuasive, some coercive, some official, some unofficial’ (13).
The international dimension in Darwin’s study holds interest for the present discussion because it attempts to shift the geographical focus from the internal developments of Britain and the colonies – whether formal or informal – to the wider world, and particularly to the regions outside the empire whose developments impinged directly on the fate of the British world-system. ‘British possessions,’ he writes, are only ‘parts of the larger conglomerate’ (6). The links between colonial territories and other parts of the system, and the ‘exogenous’ forces of the global environment, exerted a constant pressure on the terms of the British connection. ‘Their collective effect’, Darwin writes, ‘was to create an “external” arena of extraordinary turbulence before 1900, and of volcano-like chaos in the twentieth century’ (8).
3 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
The Empire Suddenly Got Interesting
By Jayne Wright
This is Darwin's best book to date. He presents a vast yet detailed analysis of the different 'Empires' we call the British Empire. No one writes as engagingly and convincingly on the topic as Darwin. I especially enjoyed his insights on Britain in South Africa, the Empire's Weakest Link'. I heartily recommend this book!
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